{"id":924,"date":"2024-11-16T02:48:53","date_gmt":"2024-11-16T02:48:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=924"},"modified":"2024-11-16T02:48:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-16T02:48:53","slug":"lieu-chinh-sach-cong-nghiep-moi-co-tac-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=924","title":{"rendered":"Li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <\/em>Keun Lee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEOUL \u2013 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong khi \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Biden ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WTO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u201ck\u1ef3 t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 <\/a>t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ebfn 1990. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Chalmers Johnson cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/a> c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1949 \u0111\u1ebfn 2000. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Alice Amsden cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf quan<\/a> v\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o k\u1ef3 t\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y do s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Mariana Mazzucato<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i h\u00ecnh dung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/a>, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc doanh nh\u00e2n<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sang c\u00e1nh h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bay n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh hai sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Malaysia khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf xoay quanh c\u00f4ng ty xe h\u01a1i qu\u1ed1c gia Proton l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, Proton chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe h\u01a1i Malaysia nh\u1edd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf.  Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Proton kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Nam Phi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Malaysia, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990, ng\u00e0nh xe h\u01a1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c li\u00ean doanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Shanghai-Volkswagen. Nh\u01b0ng khi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 Chery, Geely v\u00e0 BYD, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Hyundai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Hyundai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf cao. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f4ng ty xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u1eabu xe Pony sang B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu xe t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch Hyundai \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o R&D v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh sang R&D h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng-t\u01b0, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 thi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u0103m 2008, c\u00f4ng ty Nam Phi Optimal Energy \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1eabu xe \u0111i\u1ec7n Joule v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. M\u1eabu xe n\u0103m ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m xe h\u01a1i Paris v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i Best on Display t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m xe h\u01a1i Geneva n\u0103m 2010. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 cao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0a ra hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam VinFast \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe ch\u1ea1y x\u0103ng n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 2022, h\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 23.000 xe, v\u1edbi doanh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i thu\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. VinFast, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty con c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Vingroup, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 2 t\u1ef7 USD \u1edf B\u1eafc Carolina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Li\u00ean doanh Xe h\u01a1i (TOGG) v\u1eeba cho ra m\u1eaft chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. TOGG, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c li\u00ean doanh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xe h\u01a1i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 18.000 xe trong n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 175.000 xe m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp t\u00e1i tranh c\u1eed v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cxe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keun Lee, c\u1ef1u Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Seoul, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a CIFAR, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Research Policy<\/em> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t Innovation-Development Detours for Latecomers: Managing Global-Local Interfaces in the De-Globalization Era<\/em> (Nh\u1eefng L\u1ed1i R\u1ebd Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n – \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi D\u00e0nh Cho Nh\u1eefng K\u1ebb \u0110i Sau: Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd M\u1ed1i Quan H\u1ec7 To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u – \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Trong Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Phi To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u H\u00f3a<\/em>) (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Keun Lee, \u201cWill the New Industrial Policy Work?<\/a>,\u201d Project Syndicate<\/em>, 24\/2\/2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Keun Lee.<\/p>\n

Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":925,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[94],"class_list":["post-924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chinh-sach","tag-keun-lee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/924\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}