T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c lan t\u1ecfa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, trong khi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n NEW HAVEN \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0110\u00e0i Loan (TSMC) \u1edf Arizona \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi xung quanh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Arizona xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 TSMC duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 92% c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch logic ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 “h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n” l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi tham gia, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Arizona. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 bi quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n u \u00e1m h\u00f3a ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o t\u1eebng “node” c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ty. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a TSMC kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty m\u1eb9 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Trong c\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi qua c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cfabless-foundry\u201d (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch gia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o vi m\u1ea1ch), m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean mua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean mua th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u2013 so v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u2013 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c li\u00ean doanh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n nay. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp \u0110\u00e0i Loan trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed3ng minh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong khi c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ef9 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 M\u1ef9 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c xu\u1ed1ng. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kamala Harris \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y: “Nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00ean.” \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n –<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg, c\u1ef1u Kinh t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 (American Economic Review), hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n