T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Philippe Aghion, Mathias Dewatripont, v\u00e0 Jean Tirole<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau 30 n\u0103m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf “huy ho\u00e0ng” sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n PARIS \u2013 Trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, T\u00e2y \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 “Trente Glorieuses” (30 n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975), c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u00c2u \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973-74); K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Marshall c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u1ed1n gi\u00fap T\u00e2y \u00c2u t\u00e1i l\u1eadp dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u01b0u ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. R&D c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trung b\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 50% R&D t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba, d\u00f9 ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, 85% R&D t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng R&D cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd), nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a EU. Tr\u00ean 27 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, c\u00f3 27 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau (r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u1ea5p EU, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u li\u00ean bang \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3), c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Nasdaq; n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia (Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (qu\u1ef9 h\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7) \u00edt s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3, ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang, trong khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng \u1edf EU ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. EU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh” nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ed hon v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch” (v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 1% GDP c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i). V\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf xanh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c C\u01a1 quan Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (ARPA) c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ARPA \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m GPS, internet (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Arpanet) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin mRNA ch\u1ed1ng COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eafc-xin mRNA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 “ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh.” Khi COVID-19 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, C\u01a1 quan Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Y sinh Ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (BARDA) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0o ba c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1edbi hai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) cho m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u1ea3 s\u00e1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (FDA) v\u00e0 C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi gian k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ch\u00ednh, c\u00f4ng ty Hoa K\u1ef3 Moderna v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u1ee9c BioNTech, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1eafc-xin tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch (li\u00ean danh Sanofi-GSK).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u00e0 c\u1ef1u Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u Mario Draghi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Draghi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb EU nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Draghi ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y t\u1eed th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp thu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n —<\/p>\n\n\n\n Philippe Aghion l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i College de France, INSEAD v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh t\u1ebf London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mathias Dewatripont l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 do Brussels (I3h v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh t\u1ebf Solvay Brussels).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jean Tirole, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel Kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh t\u1ebf Toulouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n