{"id":611,"date":"2024-10-21T04:41:37","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T04:41:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=611"},"modified":"2024-10-21T04:41:37","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T04:41:37","slug":"van-de-trung-quoc-cua-my","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=611","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Daron Acemoglu v\u00e0 Simon Johnson <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ai c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i khi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea1i sao qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BOSTON \u2013 Thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Joe Biden mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng hoan ngh\u00eanh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong t\u00e1m th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Trong khi M\u1ef9 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i hung h\u0103ng \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ea7y toan t\u00ednh \u2013 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi can thi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh do CIA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang l\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0o tay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ef1c \u0111oan t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Franklin D. Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1936, \u201cch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111e do\u1ea1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng \u201cl\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u201d mang t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u cho qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf Ph\u00e1p – \u0110\u1ee9c sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chung Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng. \u2018Sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1m th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cth\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\u201d trong v\u00e0 sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh: nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u201clu\u1eadt l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh\u201d n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc David Ricardo v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, khi \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh khi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ricardo cho th\u1ea5y Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00fang sang M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd do m\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f4ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u201clao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb\u201d. Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh cho mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed9c N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ng\u00e0y nay. Nga, Iran v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3 h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu h\u0129nh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 do t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cl\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh\u201d trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0 Ricardo h\u00ecnh dung. Thay v\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2001. Khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb khinh r\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n (hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfm khi mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf? Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jimmy Carter t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u v\u00ec nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c CIA th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u00f4 h\u00e0o v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trung h\u00f2a carbon, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu (n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u1ef9). Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1edbi n\u00e0o v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xanh. May m\u1eafn thay, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m Canada, Mexico, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (offshoring) v\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf), ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ricardo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson, “America\u2019s Real China Problem<\/a>“, Project Syndicate<\/em>, 6\/11\/2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb khinh r\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n (hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfm khi mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,14],"tags":[57,122,140],"class_list":["post-611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinh-tri","category-quan-he-hoa-ky-trung-quoc","category-the-che","tag-daron-acemoglu","tag-nobel-2024","tag-simon-johnson"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}