{"id":604,"date":"2024-10-19T04:14:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T04:14:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=604"},"modified":"2024-10-19T04:14:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-19T04:14:29","slug":"lam-the-nao-de-giam-thieu-tham-nhung-o-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=604","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tham nh\u0169ng \u1edf Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ba Lan v\u00e0 Ukraine trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Trong khi Ba Lan ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, Ukraine l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf tham nh\u0169ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAMBRIDGE \u2013 Trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc h\u00e2n hoan ngay sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u00edt ai ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng Ukraine \u2013 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa \u2013 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 trong 28 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Ba Lan, v\u1ed1n ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n Ukraine v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng) trong ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau: \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia tham nh\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng tham nh\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u01b0 v\u00f4, v\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1edf Ukraine t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u t\u1eadp trung trong tay c\u00e1c tinh hoa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kremlin b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ukraine th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u0169 c\u1ee7a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft (v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Baltic), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Ukraine ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n do c\u00e1c tinh hoa c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ukraine, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n do cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tinh hoa c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c oligarch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t: c\u00e1c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y trao quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eang l\u1ec7ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n s\u00e2n ch\u01a1i kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tham nh\u0169ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf Ukraine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Cuba, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u01a1i Fidel Castro l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, tham nh\u0169ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp do c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o ra. V\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Ukraine, do s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gian l\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u1edf n\u00ean giao d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia b\u00e1n m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t. Theo th\u1eddi gian, \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a tham nh\u0169ng\u201d s\u1ebd th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede Ukraine, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng: b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb mua b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tham nh\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf Ukraine, v\u0103n h\u00f3a tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n tham nh\u0169ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c s\u0103n l\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i n\u00f3i chung. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia tham nh\u0169ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ba Lan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng hay vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ba Lan trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Warsaw sau khi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t “li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1c” \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u2013 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 215 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean h\u01a1n 6,000 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 7,000 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ba Lan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb xung quanh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tham gia, nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u1eadu c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Qua th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 lan tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a tham nh\u0169ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ukraine (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nga) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 trao quy\u1ec1n cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a KGB chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 thi trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Ukraine kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 c\u00f3. Ukraine c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cao, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Cam n\u0103m 2004-2005 v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Maidan n\u0103m 2014. Quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ukraine hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng tham nh\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Volodymyr Zelensky, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Donald Trump trong vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Ukraine v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tham nh\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho Zelensky m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00d4ng n\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng khai vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tham nh\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd (ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 u\u1ebf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Hoa K\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean l\u00ean l\u1edbp Ukraine v\u1ec1 tham nh\u0169ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1eed tri c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daron Acemoglu & James A. Robinson, “How to Stem Ukraine\u2019s Corruption<\/a>“, Project Syndicate<\/em>, 14\/10\/2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ba Lan v\u00e0 Ukraine trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Trong khi Ba Lan ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, Ukraine l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf tham nh\u0169ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,3,8,24,26,14,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chau-au","category-chinh-tri","category-dan-chu-hoa","category-dong-au","category-nga","category-the-che","category-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}