{"id":597,"date":"2024-10-18T03:18:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T03:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=597"},"modified":"2024-10-18T03:18:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T03:18:36","slug":"hieu-ve-chu-nghia-dan-toc-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=597","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Daron Acemoglu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a h\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd tham gia v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAMBRIDGE \u2013 S\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n sau khi B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1989 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xoay quanh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Francis Fukuyama g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.” N\u00f3 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau l\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh si\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh h\u1eadu d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i c\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Donald Trump v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ef1c h\u1eefu Marine Le Pen l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u00fay \u1edf Hungary, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia Ukraine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng o\u00e1n h\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Anh qu\u1ed1c khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh Nha phi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i t\u1eeb k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia (th\u01b0\u1eddng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb); m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hindutva c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Narendra Modi, n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a phi t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1. T\u1ea1i Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kurd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a h\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. N\u0103m 2000, khi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, George W. Bush \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ronald Reagan g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do\u2019\u2026 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u00fang ta.\u201d Ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. V\u00e0 khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ngo\u1ea1i giao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p (b\u00ed quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i gi\u00e0u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c h\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c-gia-\u0111ang-ph\u00e1t-tri\u1ec3n-c\u00f3-v\u1ecb-th\u1ebf t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i giao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c can thi\u1ec7p (m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd), c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. V\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n EU ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nh\u1eadp b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ukraine c\u1ee7a Nga ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi tinh hoa ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 an ninh Nga tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau khi B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng Berlin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c Nga h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mang l\u1ea1i \u00edt l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, trong khi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga Vladimir Putin \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u00f4ng ta kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga l\u00e0 tin x\u1ea5u cho Ukraine v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap Putin c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t hay kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00ec \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n t\u00edn c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho Putin tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i phi\u1ec7t \u1edf Nga c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1ed1n, thay v\u00ec lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm l\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed do nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tham nh\u0169ng, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u uy t\u00edn h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ecd trong c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 dung t\u00fang cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 Amnesty International ho\u1eb7c Transparency International. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Daron Acemoglu, \u201cUnderstading the New Nationalism<\/a>\u201d, Project Syndicate<\/em>, 8\/6\/2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a h\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi uy t\u00edn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd tham gia v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinh-tri","tag-daron-acemoglu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=597"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/597\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}