{"id":524,"date":"2024-10-13T22:05:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T22:05:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=524"},"modified":"2024-10-13T22:05:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T22:05:47","slug":"giai-nobel-hoa-hoc-duoc-trao-cho-cac-nha-phat-trien-alphafold-ai-von-co-kha-nang-du-doan-cau-truc-protein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=524","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n AlphaFold AI v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
David Baker, Demis Hassabis v\u00e0 John Jumper (t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein.\u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: BBVA Foundation (Qu\u1ef9 BBVA)\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 : Ewen Callaway <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m nay vinh danh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng – m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i Nobel. Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho John Jumper v\u00e0 Demis Hassabis t\u1ea1i Google DeepMind \u1edf London , v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 AI c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 AlphaFold, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi David Baker t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington \u1edf Seattle, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf protein t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c AI h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i AlphaFold, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a AI trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc.\u201d Hassabis n\u00f3i trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o t\u1ea1i DeepMind v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 10. \u201c \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y\u201d .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a AlphaFold, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u2013 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn.\u201d , Christine Orengo, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc London, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac do AlphaFold d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c protein m\u1edbi, cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a protein ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i amino acid c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi,\u201d Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee6y ban Nobel Heiner Linke, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc nano t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Lund \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong l\u1ec5 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m nay \u201c\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y.\u201d Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 11 tri\u1ec7u krona Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 tri\u1ec7u USD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00d4NG C\u1ee4 AI \u0110\u1ea0T GI\u1ea2I TH<\/strong>\u01af\u1ede<\/strong>NG<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DeepMind ra m\u1eaft AlphaFold l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, khi n\u00f3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c thi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n mang t\u00ean Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) (\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Protein). Tuy nhi\u00ean, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2020, m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a AlphaFold2 t\u1ea1i CASP ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hassabis, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a DeepMind, v\u00e0 Jumper, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m AlphaFold, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n AlphaFold2. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u chu\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c protein li\u00ean quan – nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AlphaFold th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1edd v\u00e0o Protein Data Bank (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u Protein), m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 200.000 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 tia X v\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ea1nh. \u201cTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o [ AlphaFold ] sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c . M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3,\u201d Jumper ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a DeepMind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2021, DeepMind \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a AlphaFold2 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a AlphaFold, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7n Tin h\u1ecdc Sinh h\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Sinh h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EMBL) \u1edf Hinxton, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, hi\u1ec7n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c protein t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 214 tri\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. N\u0103m nay, c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a AlphaFold, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u2014 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi protein, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 Jumper, Hassabis v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a AlphaFold \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111ang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AlphaFold c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, hai nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u AlphaFold \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 protein, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ecd protein m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng AlphaFold v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 AI kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i y h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u AlphaFold c\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c an to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafc-xin m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y AlphaFold v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng AlphaFold l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein c\u1ee7a vi-r\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho v\u1eafc-xin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Jan Kosinski, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Sinh h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EMBL) \u1edf Hamburg, \u0110\u1ee9c cho bi\u1ebft. “L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c, v.v. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i”, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

David Jones, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tin sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc London, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi DeepMind trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a AlphaFold t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016, cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc, \u201ckhi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea0O RA PROTEINS M<\/strong>\u1eda<\/strong>I<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi DeepMind b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i AlphaFold, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n David Baker v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Rosetta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i protein \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ed7i protein n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Rosetta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (CASP), tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi AlphaFold chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng Baker nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xoay v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c protein ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c protein m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c enzyme m\u1edbi, protein c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano protein t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi-r\u00fat (m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho v\u1eafc-xin COVID-19 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi AlphaFold2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u2013 Baker v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n Minkyung Baek, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Seoul, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Rosetta. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng RoseTTAFold \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngang ng\u1eeda v\u1edbi AlphaFold2. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2021, c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Baker \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng protein ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Baker l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p RoseTTAFold v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf protein c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TI\u1ebeN B\u1ed8 NHANH CH\u00d3NG<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sergey Ovchinnikov, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts \u1edf Cambridge, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Baker, cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Rosetta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf protein, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf protein”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho t\u00f4i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng,\u201d Baker n\u00f3i qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i Nobel. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean vai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martin Steinegger, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Seoul \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, so s\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 AI sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Apollo l\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u2014 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Nobel. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Baker, \u201ch\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ‘kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u00e0 l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o’, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y,\u201d Jones cho bi\u1ebft. Jumper, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Hassabis n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch r\u00fat g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o h\u00f4m nay di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Jumper, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 AlphaFold cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u n\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. \u201cKho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi AlphaFold,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Ewen Callaway, “Chemistry Nobel goes to developers of AlphaFold AI that predicts protein structures<\/a>\u201d, Nature<\/em>, 9\/10\/2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m nay vinh danh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[68,122],"class_list":["post-524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe","tag-ewen-callaway","tag-nobel-2024"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/524\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}