{"id":519,"date":"2024-10-13T04:37:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T04:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=519"},"modified":"2024-10-13T04:37:22","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T04:37:22","slug":"giai-nobel-vat-ly-duoc-trao-cho-cac-nha-tien-phong-trong-linh-vuc-hoc-may","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=519","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Elizabeth Gibney v\u00e0 Davide Castelvecchi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Hopfield v\u00e0 Geoffrey Hinton l\u00e0 nh<\/em>\u1eef<\/em>ng ng<\/em>\u01b0\u1edd<\/em>i ti\u00ean phong trong c\u00e1c ph<\/em>\u01b0\u01a1<\/em>ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng n<\/em>\u01a1<\/em>-ron.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Hopfield t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton \u1edf New Jersey v\u00e0 Geoffrey Hinton t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto, Canada, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 11 tri\u1ec7u krona Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 tri\u1ec7u USD), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Stockholm v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd “h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n,” Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7y ban Nobel Ellen Moons, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Karlstad, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cM\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed8 NH<\/strong>\u1eda<\/strong> M\u00c1Y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1982, Hopfield, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u1ea3o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 “nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i” th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam “m\u1ea1ng Hopfield”. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh,\u201d Hinton \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Neuroscience<\/em> n\u0103m 2000. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 AI hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLMs) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 AlphaFold, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, Hinton cho bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi quang.\u201d \u201cT\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \u00d4ng b\u1ed5 sung r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y “s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 xung quanh AI. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y song song. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng [c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y] s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta s\u1edbm h\u01a1n t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 5, khi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u AI for Good \u1edf Geneva, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. \u201cCho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 50 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o h\u01a1n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed8NG L<\/strong>\u1ef0<\/strong>C T<\/strong>\u1eea<\/strong> V\u1eacT L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Alan Turing v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 \u2014 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 “Gi\u1ea3i Nobel c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh”. Hopfield c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt l\u00fd danh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Dirac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karl Jansen, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1i German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) \u1edf Zeuthen, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cmang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1\u201d, cho bi\u1ebft, \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Hopfield l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c pha nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.\u201d Sau h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha m\u00e0 Hopfield \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Jansen b\u1ed5 sung. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenka Zdeborov\u00e1, chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Li\u00ean bang Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 \u1edf Lausanne (EPFL), n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng khi \u1ee6y ban Nobel c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t chung chung, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Abel v\u00e0 Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Fields c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 giao thoa gi\u1eefa to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0o AI,\u201d Yoshua Bengio, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Turing n\u0103m 2018 v\u1edbi Hinton v\u00e0 Yann LeCun, nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron, cho bi\u1ebft. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hinton v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft lan t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho Bengio v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho t\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc,\u201d Bengio n\u00f3i, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Mila \u2014 Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o Quebec t\u1ea1i Montreal, Canada. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 coi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, Bengio cho bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, khi Hinton v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L<\/strong>\u1ee2<\/strong>I \u00cdCH C\u1ee6A M\u00d4 H\u00ccNH N\u00c3O<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e3o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. May-Britt Moser, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Na Uy \u1edf Trondheim v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t Gi\u1ea3i Nobel Sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hay Y h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2014, cho bi\u1ebft b\u00e0 “r\u1ea5t vui” khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Hopfield r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c lo l\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t trong n\u00e3o. \u201cT\u00f4i th\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p b\u1ebf t\u1eafc.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Hopfield v\u00e0 Hinton, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, Moser cho bi\u1ebft. \u201cN\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eve Marder, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brandeis \u1edf Waltham, Massachusetts, cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cVi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n\u201d. \u201cTuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Elizabeth Gibney v\u00e0 Davide Castelvecchi, \u201cPhysics Nobel scooped by machine-learning pioneers<\/a>\u201d, Nature, 8\/10\/2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

John Hopfield v\u00e0 Geoffrey Hinton l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[58,66,122],"class_list":["post-519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe","tag-davide-castelvecchi","tag-elizabeth-gibney","tag-nobel-2024"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=519"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/519\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}