{"id":476,"date":"2024-10-02T23:11:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T23:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=476"},"modified":"2024-10-02T23:11:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T23:11:36","slug":"su-du-thua-cong-suat-cua-trung-quoc-dang-dinh-hinh-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=476","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ghi “K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sinh con l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.” Ngu\u1ed3n: Wikipedia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Fuxian Yi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, trong khi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho thanh ni\u00ean l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THU NH\u1eacP H\u1ed8 GIA \u0110\u00ccNH TH\u1ea4P<\/strong> \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong m\u00e1u \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eed vong. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Thu nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm hai ph\u1ea7n ba GDP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c 50\u201365% GDP, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c mua \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u00eau cho con c\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ebb em \u00edt h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c chung – t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean 64 tu\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 64 tu\u1ed5i – v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con \u1ebfch t\u1eeb t\u1eeb b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u00f3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u00ednh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 GDP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 44%, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 37% GDP, so v\u1edbi 68% \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, 61% \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 55% \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WTO) n\u0103m 2001, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111ang th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y do di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con, duy tr\u00ec thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ni\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 29, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh 31% v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a. Khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 26. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh 31% (v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung v\u1ecb l\u00e0 25), \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n n\u0103m 1989. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 16%, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean 43, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trung ni\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thanh ni\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01af TH\u1eeaA C\u00d4NG SU\u1ea4T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng trong tay ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p  cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn V\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb l\u00e0m cho tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n do c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. N\u0103m 2022 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung b\u00ecnh 205 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 (30 USD) m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con m\u1ed9t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c mua l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ph\u00e1 thai ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u1eef tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u201c\u1ebf v\u1ee3\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2020 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i k\u1ebft h\u00f4n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u (28-32 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam v\u00e0 26-30 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef) cao t\u1edbi 125, v\u1edbi 134 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 con trai \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m chi ti\u00eau, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1edbi cao v\u00e0 mua c\u0103n h\u1ed9 t\u00e2n h\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba kho\u1ea3ng 100 tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm trong kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 30 tri\u1ec7u xe v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u 5 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc. N\u1ebfu thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n ba GDP, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua h\u1ebft s\u1ed1 xe n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ec8 L\u1ec6 TH\u1ea4T NGHI\u1ec6P CAO \u1ede GI\u1edaI TR\u1eba V\u00c0 T\u1ec8 L\u1ec6 SINH TH\u1ea4P<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001\u20132018 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 2001 \u0111\u1ebfn 2018, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 23% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Hoa K\u1ef3, khi so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 72% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 25% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 16% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, trong khi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 4% n\u0103m 1991 l\u00ean 31% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c \u2018V\u00e0nh \u0111ai R\u1ec9 s\u00e9t (Rust Belt)\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Donald Trump l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. C\u1ea3 hai ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hai con v\u00e0 ba con \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i, v\u00ec c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con do thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh con, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh trong n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 1,0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 0,6 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh, m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p 70\u201380% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p 45% vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, khi\u1ebfn cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 sinh con.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9-Trung m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRUNG QU\u1ed0C \u1ede GIAO L\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, v\u00ec ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1eafp \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc Plaza n\u0103m 1985, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng suy gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong t\u1ed5ng kim ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb 22% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 5% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb 16% xu\u1ed1ng 4% trong c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b22% n\u0103m 1992 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 5% n\u0103m 2022. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong danh s\u00e1ch Fortune Global 500 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 149 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 41 c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tr\u1ebb em t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c mua \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u1ec1n cho con c\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ph\u1ee5 huynh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edt tr\u1ebb em h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9-Trung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 22% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 13% trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10%. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch kh\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1962 \u0111\u1ebfn 1990, v\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh 23,4 tri\u1ec7u ca sinh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cc\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y 9 tri\u1ec7u ca sinh – v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 6 tri\u1ec7u trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng di c\u01b0, chi\u1ebfm 80% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 34 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 l\u00ean 43 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean 50 tu\u1ed5i t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 11% l\u00ean 31%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhanh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 r\u00f4-b\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Saudi, Nga v\u00e0 Brazil do nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4n ngoan, h\u1ecd n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a M\u1ef9, nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9-Trung v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1eefa hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u01a1n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuxian Yi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cao c\u1ea5p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 khoa t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Wisconsin-Madison, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “Big Country with an Empty Nest\u201d (\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc t\u1ed5 tr\u1ed1ng), (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, 2013).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Fuxian Yi, \u201cChinese Overcapacity Is Shaping the World<\/a>\u201d, International Economy<\/em>, Xu\u00e2n 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Phong tr\u00e0o Duy T\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Fuxian Yi C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, trong khi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho thanh ni\u00ean l\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9,11,18],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinh-tri","category-kinh-te","category-quan-he-hoa-ky-trung-quoc","category-trung-quoc","tag-fuxian-yi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}