{"id":328,"date":"2024-09-12T04:02:04","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T04:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongtraoduytan.com\/?p=328"},"modified":"2024-09-12T04:02:04","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T04:02:04","slug":"truy-tim-can-nguyen-cua-cuoc-chien-tranh-giua-nga-va-ukraine-lich-su-va-dia-ly-se-cho-chung-ta-biet-gi-ve-nhung-dong-thai-tiep-theo-cua-nguoi-nga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=328","title":{"rendered":"Truy t\u00ecm c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd s\u1ebd cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: T\u1ea1 Ho\u00e0ng T\u1ea5n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t: Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine. T\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay (g\u1ea7n 80 n\u0103m), m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u2014 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Ukraine ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho Ukraine s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi: T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ukraine \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, th\u00f3a m\u1ea1, m\u1ec9a mai t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y: T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean bang Nga Vladimir Putin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u sai v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta suy x\u00e9t k\u1ef9, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u vu kh\u1ed1ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: Li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin hay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb logic l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean bang C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft (Li\u00ean X\u00f4), v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nhau; ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, Ukraine, Belarus l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n: Qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean minh Kievan Rus (n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga Kiev).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng Slav \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IX v\u1edbi Kiev (th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ukraine ng\u00e0y nay) l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus \u0111\u00e3 quy thu\u1eadn theo Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau h\u01a1n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Batu (B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00f4) \u2014 th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Tru\u1eadt X\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kim Tr\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c (Golden Horde).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Kievan Rus c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, Kiev l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec khi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, Kiev c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Novgorod, Pskov, Moskva (Moscow) \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Kiev \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Moskva \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5). V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus, b\u1ecb t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t sau cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. V\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Moskva \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao ph\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Moskva \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga sau n\u00e0y. V\u00e0, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi \u2014 s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2014 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus khi x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Moskva \u2014 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Moskva \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moskva trong th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Muscovy). V\u00e0, theo d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c Kievan Rus tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga Sa Ho\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga; Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u00e0 Li\u00ean bang Nga hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moskva n\u00e0y. Quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moskva r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moskva kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus khi x\u01b0a, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Kievan Rus v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moskva \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Kievan Rus v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ba d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga, Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t? \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus t\u1eeb sau khi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, sau khi Kievan Rus s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Moskva l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Moskva \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1ed1c gia Kievan Rus c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0ng, khi ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Moskva l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u1edf Moskva c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh quang t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ed1c gia Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng; h\u1ecd b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang trong h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Sau kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kim Tr\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00e3n Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ba Lan v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Litva chia nhau th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Ti\u1ebfp theo, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, khi Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung Ba Lan \u2014 Litva \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, sau khi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u00c1o ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chia c\u1eaft Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung Ba Lan \u2014 Litva ba l\u1ea7n (v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1772, 1793 v\u00e0 1795) th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ukraine l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u00c1o). V\u00e0, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1918), Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         V\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Moskva \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp Kievan Rus? N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 th\u00ec \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia Kievan Rus c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec, khi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh Nga c\u1ee7a Moskva ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u00e1 b\u1ebd b\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em c\u00f9ng chung t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam mong ng\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Nga nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb khi Kievan Rus s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 500 n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ed5) c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chia t\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u1edf Moskva (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus), ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus t\u1ea1i Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang v\u00e0 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a chi ph\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine v\u00e0 Belarus kh\u00f4ng xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia Kievan Rus c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Nga h\u00f3a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus: D\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Nga thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus), kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ed1c gia Kievan Rus c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus\u2026 Kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Nga h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00e0o Nikolay Vasilyevich Gogol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nga, Gogol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ebft<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nga. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Gogol c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn cho n\u1ec1n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Nga, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Gogol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Nga t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Saint-Peterburg \u2014 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft v\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi v\u0103n s\u0129 Nga, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o A.S.Pushkin v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Zhukovsky. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, th\u00f4ng qua Zhukovsky, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Nga Nicholas \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga, Gogol c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Saint-Peterburg danh gi\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sau khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gogol, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Gogol l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c: \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i Saint-Peterburg \u2014 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga; \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga; \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga\u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1847, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8<\/em>, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Nga, c\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Nga trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Gogol, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus) \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi tinh hoa \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Nga h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng (t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Nga). V\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Belarus) t\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Kievan Rus \u2014 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1eb1ng Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Theo s\u1eed gia Snyder, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng: \u201cUkraine l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d.[1] V\u00e2ng, trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga lu\u00f4n xem Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21\/2\/2022 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ukraine, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng Ukraine kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta.\u201d.[2] M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy m\u1eadp m\u1edd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0m \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00e0, h\u00e0m \u00fd \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u00edt th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/2021, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u2014 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t.\u201d.[3] Qua c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga; v\u00e0, do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 suy x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 do nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine \u2014 \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, Ukraine ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ukraine, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u2014 d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u2014 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac (1918), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u1eady, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y? \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t; v\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ukraine (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u1eady, nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Ukraine?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac (1918). V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       N\u0103m 1917, khi cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng; ch\u1edbp l\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u1ea5y, V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Bolshevik c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Nga l\u00e0m n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2014 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u2014 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c (Marxism) \u2014 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i Nga \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y; do v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d), V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Do v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin d\u00e0nh t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1922, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi \u2014 Li\u00ean bang C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft (Li\u00ean X\u00f4) \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, V. I. Lenin c\u00f2n ban t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn: Quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Quy\u1ec1n ly khai n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga<\/em> (Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia) n\u0103m 1917, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1922, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u0103m 1924. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ly khai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 Ukraine c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u2014 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang, m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng cho h\u1ecd. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ban t\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ban t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Hai m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba n\u00eau \u2014 quy\u1ec1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang \u2014 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a: Quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft. V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u2014 ni\u1ec1m m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u2014 v\u00e0o trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/1917, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, V. I. Lenin, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng D\u00e2n \u1ee7y Nga X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i Stalin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 D\u00e2n \u1ee7y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi: Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga<\/em> (Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia). Trong b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cQuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ly khai v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.\u201d.[4] Ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 Stalin \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd, c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m Estonia, Latvia, Litva, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Ba Lan, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Gruzia (Georgia), Azerbaijan, (c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga) l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk \u2014 H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3\/3\/1918, c\u00f2n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga<\/em> (Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia), m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 Stalin \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd, th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15\/11\/1917. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp m\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/1918, khi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Estonia, Latvia, Litva, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Ba Lan, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Gruzia (Georgia) \u2014 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovs \u2014 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u1eabn t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. V\u00ec sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec, trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga; n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u00e0 v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, V. I. Lenin, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra. (V\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec khi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u2014 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk \u2014 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch V. I. Lenin gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga? T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKhi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Lenin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m; ch\u00fang c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991.\u201d.[5] Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin d\u00e0nh cho V. I. Lenin \u2014 v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u2014th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta suy x\u00e9t k\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi v\u1edbi V. I. Lenin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, quy\u1ec1n ly khai m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin ban t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: T\u1ea1i sao v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21\/2\/2022, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 n\u00ean h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.[6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ec V. I. Lenin kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u2014 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 r\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i Nga \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean X\u00f4, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang c\u0169ng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean X\u00f4, do v\u1eady gi\u1eefa l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngay t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ea1ch V\u1ec7 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a non tr\u1ebb v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb chao \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u00f9 trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Li\u1ec7u trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? M\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft? Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ea1ch V\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfp theo di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng chung v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ebb t\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ea1ch V\u1ec7, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ea1ch V\u1ec7) . \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00f9 trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nga (1917 \u2014 1922). Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e1c phong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, V. I. Lenin l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga. \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c (Marxism) v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, V. I. Lenin c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Brest-Litovsk, Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch Kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi (NEP)\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Do v\u1eady, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c phong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ly khai kh\u1ecfi Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean V. I. Lenin bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn t\u1ecf ra h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m cho gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga: \u0110i\u1ec1u B\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko \u2014 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Nga n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nguy\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Khoa L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Saint-Petersburg \u2014 cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolshevik Nga c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y. H\u1ecd tin l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n; do v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft (Li\u00ean X\u00f4), m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean bang, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u2014 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.[7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       (C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 khi V. I. Lenin n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i Nga s\u1ebd \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u2014 trong vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n li\u00ean minh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2014 do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i Nga, th\u00ec s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 gia nh\u1eadp Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1848, C. Marx v\u00e0 Ph. Engels \u2014 hai nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: \u201cV\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i.\u201d. V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a C. Marx v\u00e0 Ph. Engels th\u00e0nh: \u201cV\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i.\u201d Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u00e0 C. Marx v\u00e0 Ph. Engels \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda n\u00ean. V\u00e0, qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n khi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1919 , V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (Comintern) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, sau khi Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, th\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Th\u00e1ng 7\/1921, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i III Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, khi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u201cV\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, hay \u00edt ra th\u00ec c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00f3ng th\u00f4i, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd n\u1ed5 ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n; ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u1eefa.\u201d.[8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t, m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean bang do V. I. Lenin t\u1ea1o ra \u2014 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ly khai kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean bang \u2014 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y; do v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean bang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p th\u00eam c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, theo c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ch quan, n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolshevik k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Do v\u1eady, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u2014 do V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bolshevik \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi! (T\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hay chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nga th\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin \u2014 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hai m\u1eb7t, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Dvornichenko v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. V\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0nh t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t qua \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2014 v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng suy t\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Li\u00ean bang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u2014 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V. I. Lenin g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u2014 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Quy\u1ec1n ly khai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi V. I. Lenin \u2014 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2014 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m V. I. Lenin ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh V. I. Lenin, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i \u2014 h\u01a1n 70 n\u0103m \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i m\u00f3n qu\u00e0, quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang, m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nga), th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Ukraine c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Bolshevik c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1eb7ng cho h\u1ecd \u2014 quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang \u2014 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nga (1917 \u2014 1922).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ly khai kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u2014 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Bolshevik c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u2014 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Nga, Alexander Prokhanov \u2014 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi than v\u00e3n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2\/1990, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga, x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nga, b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i b\u1edfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 1.000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201canh em\u201d g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u201cnh\u1eefng con thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u sinh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111ang b\u1ecb rao b\u00e1n \u2014 v\u00e2ng, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u1ea3\u2026\u201d.[9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/1991, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi than v\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Alexander Prokhanov \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb \u201ch\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u01b0 Ukraine, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan\u2026 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u201ch\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d? B\u1edfi v\u00ec, kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ed1c gia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; th\u1eadt v\u1eady, trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. V\u00e0, n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho h\u1ecd: Quy\u1ec1n ly khai kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Do v\u1eady, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 \u2014 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Grand Chessboard <\/em>(B\u00e0n C\u1edd L\u1edbn) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Brzezinski \u2014 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u201d.[10] Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ukraine, th\u00ec t\u1edd The Economist \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh.\u201d.[11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ly khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga, v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd; tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 Li\u00ean bang Nga n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf \u2014 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (Vnesheconombank) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i chi tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 n\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c gia;[12] do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i ly khai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean X\u00f4: \u0110i\u1ec1u 72 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean X\u00f4 1977 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf: Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean; nh\u01b0ng, s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u1eabn xem c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa Li\u00ean bang Nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay: T\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: T\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean bang Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u2014 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga (c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia) \u2014 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft; tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m xem gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Grand Chessboard<\/em> (B\u00e0n C\u1edd L\u1edbn), khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, Brzezinski \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Moscow \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d.[13] Th\u1eadt ra, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Brzezinski ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5: Li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng? Qua c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Brzezinski, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Walter Russel Mead \u2014 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d.[14] \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng gian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  b. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1eeb ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, qua ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang Nga, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u0103m 2008, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Medvedev, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gruzia (Georgia) \u2014 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hai v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ly khai c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nam Ossetia v\u00e0 Abkhazia tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf hai v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ly khai k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Valeri Korovin \u2014 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a Gruzia v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nga \u1edf Kavkaz.\u201d.[15] Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cNh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Dmitry Medvedev \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y.\u201d.[16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Gruzia n\u1ed5 ra, Alexander Dugin \u2014 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nam Ossetia v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Tbilisi c\u1ee7a Gruzia, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Ukraine v\u00e0 B\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nga.\u201d.[17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qua ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Valeri Korovin v\u00e0 Alexander Dugin \u2014 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga \u2014 th\u00ec tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Valeri Korovin v\u00e0 Alexander Dugin l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t; tuy v\u1eady, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Valeri Korovin v\u00e0 Alexander Dugin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng gia nh\u1eadp NATO c\u1ee7a Gruzia v\u00e0 Ukraine. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a John J. Mearsheimer, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ukraine, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chicago \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda.\u201d.[18] V\u00e0, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cPutin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Putin kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nga hay s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Nga mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp NATO.\u201d.[19] Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 John J. Mearsheimer? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, Valeri Korovin s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi thay cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Valeri Korovin \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u2014 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i l\u1edbn th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.\u201d.[20] V\u00e0, \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.\u201d.[21] Do v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nga: \u201cNh\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Nga ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d.[22] V\u00e0, ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho h\u1ecd c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u00e0 v\u1edbi anh ta qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nga bao la \u2014 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u2014 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t.\u201d.[23] \u00d4ng cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf: \u201c\u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.\u201d.[24] V\u00e0, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nga: \u201cV\u00ec th\u1ebf \u2018ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga\u2019 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y.\u201d.[25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, Korovin c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nga ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho an ninh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf g\u1ea7n Nga \u2014 theo ngh\u0129a v\u0103n minh-v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2014 v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u00c1-\u00c2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn b\u1edfi \u2018chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nga\u2019, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Nga nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Crimea \u2014 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Nga. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh \u00c1-\u00c2u m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u2014 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d.[26]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo Korovin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n sau: \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nga, ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 xung quanh v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u201cnh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Crimea\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Korovin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Korovin nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u \u2014 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u2014 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Valeri Korovin \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a John J. Mearsheimer, r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NATO. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NATO, nh\u01b0 John J. Mearsheimer \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga; tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110i xa h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, Alexander Dugin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga: \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Dublin \u0111\u1ebfn Vladivostok, s\u1ebd quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slav v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1-\u00c2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 Valeri Korovin v\u00e0 Alexander Dugin, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Vladimir Putin. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Valeri Korovin v\u00e0 Alexander Dugin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i h\u00e0m ng\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd v\u1ecb s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u0103m 2005, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.\u201d.[27] N\u0103m 2016, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, V. I. Lenin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u201cqu\u1ea3 bom h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd\u201d (time bomb) l\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4.[28] Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga v\u00e0 vinh quang m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u0103m 2008, t\u1ea1i Bucharest, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean (\u201cUkraine was a made-up country\u201d),[29] m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia Ukraine c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga. Th\u00e1ng 7\/2013, t\u1ea1i Kiev, trong \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1025 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng Vladimir c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o sang Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201ct\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, Qu\u1ed1c gia Rus v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d.[30] Qua l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus khi x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia Kievan Rus; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd che \u0111\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 xem \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ng\u00e0y 21\/3\/2014, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin k\u00fd s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea c\u1ee7a Ukraine v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ti\u1ebfp theo, trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Sevastopol thu\u1ed9c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17\/4\/2014, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u00ean Novorossiya (N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga M\u1edbi),[31] v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Ukraine v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a N\u1eef Sa Ho\u00e0ng Catherine, sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb tay \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ottoman. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ukraine, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Donbass, xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Peter \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf \u2014 v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Romanov, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u2014 c\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y tham v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng so s\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Peter \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPeter \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong 21 n\u0103m. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1eeb h\u1ecd c\u1ea3, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec [c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga] m\u00e0 th\u00f4i,\u201d[32] Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp hay s\u1ebd s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nga, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang thu h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00e0, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi Valeri Korovin, Alexander Dugin v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Alexander Prokhanov \u2014 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u2014 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2\/1990, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a\u201d\u00fd ni\u1ec7m Nga\u201d c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 1.000 n\u0103m v\u00e0 70 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc.\u201d.[33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Alexander Prokhanov ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ng\u00e0y 8\/12\/1999, Nga v\u00e0 Belarus \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd v\u1edbi nhau hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean minh, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean bang Nga trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (hay t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u0103m 2000, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u (EAEC) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 (v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n do s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4), m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Li\u00ean minh Kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u (EAEU) \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u (EAEC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u0103m 2002, Nga c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc An ninh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (CSTO), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc An ninh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Tashkent v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a CSTO t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng chung, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau th\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 2008, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Gruzia \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hai v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ly khai c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nam Ossetia v\u00e0 Abkhazia ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Gruzia. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean bang Nga ra \u0111\u1eddi, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga ti\u1ebfn ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u2014 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 \u2014 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0, b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Nga \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Gruzia \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16\/8\/2008. Ng\u00e0y 26\/8\/2008, Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Nam Ossetia v\u00e0 Abkhazia l\u00e0 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn hai v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 danh ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         S\u00e1u n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 2014, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: S\u00e1p nh\u1eadp b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea \u2014 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ukraine \u2014 v\u00e0o Li\u00ean bang Nga, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xem l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i sinh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00ec sao s\u1ef1 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf? V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. N\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e2m linh. Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18\/3\/2014 tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean bang (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n Nga) v\u00e0 Duma Qu\u1ed1c gia (H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Nga), sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Crimea l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng Vladimir c\u1ee7a Kievan Rus c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o theo Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed tr\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi N\u1eef Sa Ho\u00e0ng Catherine \u2014 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u1eeb tay \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ottoman.[34] Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, Crimea ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Russia Resurrected \u2014 Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order <\/em>(N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga H\u1ed3i sinh \u2014 S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong m\u1ed9t Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u M\u1edbi), Kathryn E. Stoner \u2014 chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Crimea \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ng\u1ee5c Bastille \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng Boston \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Crimea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e2m linh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. Vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i vinh quang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u00fd ch\u00ed chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 hai, vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Crimea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ottoman trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i. Sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Crimea \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en cho H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Nga v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Sevastopol \u2014 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea \u2014 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Nga. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ra khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Sevastopol ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Do nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, Sevastopol \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ebf n\u00ean Crimea \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 an ninh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Nga b\u1ecb chao \u0111\u1ea3o: Kh\u00f4ng gian an ninh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb khoan th\u1ee7ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn. (M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nga v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3ng Sevastopol t\u1eeb Ukraine, tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh cho thu\u00ea th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en c\u0169ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.) Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Crimea v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng gian an ninh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga khi x\u01b0a \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 ba, Valerie Korovin \u0111\u00e3 xem h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, c\u1ea3 \u1edf b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.[35]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi hai vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Crimea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u1eabn trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Crimea v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i xa h\u01a1n: T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u1edf xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u1eeb sau khi Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Crimea, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea, th\u00e1ng 7\/2015, Nga c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 NATO l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng khai x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nga, qua \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u0169ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u1edbi NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng hai th\u00e1ng sau, ng\u00e0y 30\/9\/2015, theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean bang Nga (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n Nga) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Syria \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Syria Bashar al-Assad \u2014 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nga \u2014 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Syria \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, Nga c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u2014 qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3ng Tartus \u2014 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Syria, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean NATO \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng lo l\u1eafng, th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 cho tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u00ean l\u1eeda (NMD) t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0o, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u201cIron Sword 2016\u201d (Ki\u1ebfm s\u1eaft 2016) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11\/2016 t\u1ea1i Litva. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4000 binh s\u0129 c\u1ee7a 11 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean NATO tham gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, Nga \u0111\u00e3 cho tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt Iskander (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng S-400 t\u1ea1i Kaliningrad \u2014 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nga, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a NATO. T\u00ean l\u1eeda Iskander c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m b\u1eafn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 500 km, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn t\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf xung quanh \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb t\u00ean l\u1eeda Iskander cho Kaliningrad, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Kaliningrad \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh r\u0103n \u0111e cao nh\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt Iskander, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng S-400, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Bastion\u2026 Do v\u1eady, Kaliningrad \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con dao g\u0103m \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u theo c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u201cIron Wolf\u201d (S\u00f3i S\u1eaft) t\u1ea1i Litva v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6\/2017, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a 5000 qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb 10 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh lang Sulwaki (Sulwaki gap), d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Ba Lan v\u00e0 Litva (hai qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a NATO), n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Belarus \u2014 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nga \u2014 v\u1edbi Kaliningrad. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 NATO b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh lang Sulwaki \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft NATO v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Belarus v\u1edbi Kaliningrad, th\u1ebf n\u00ean h\u00e0nh lang n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Qua m\u00e0ng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0 Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ukraine v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u0169ng trong th\u00e1ng 9\/2017, Nga c\u00f9ng Belarus \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u201cZapad-2017\u201d (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y-2017) c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hai cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecb uy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga: Cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn Dragon-17 (Con R\u1ed3ng-17) t\u1ea1i Ba Lan v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9\/2017 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn Saber Strike (Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a K\u1ef5 binh) t\u1ea1i Ba Lan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Baltic v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6\/2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb uy v\u1edbi NATO. Th\u00e1ng 9\/2018, Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Siberia v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Vostok-2018 (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng-2018). Vostok-2018 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Zapad-1981 (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y-1981), cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Vostok-2018 quy t\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 binh s\u0129, 36.000 xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, 1.000 m\u00e1y bay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 80 chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kinh ng\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc quy m\u00f4 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khi\u00eau kh\u00edch m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. M\u00e3i g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m sau, cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6\/2021, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO m\u1edbi cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u201cSea Breeze\u201d (Gi\u00f3 Bi\u1ec3n) c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0110en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, Nga v\u00e0 Belarus \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u201cZapad-2021\u201d (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y-2021) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9\/2021, cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 binh s\u0129 tham gia (v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i Nga, ch\u1ec9 sau Vostok-2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ng\u00e0y 2\/7\/2021, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c An ninh Qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi; trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u00eau r\u00f5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa Nga \u2014 NATO v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u00e0n th\u1ecb uy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0, do v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n so g\u0103ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5y. V\u1eady c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, sau khi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea, Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Sau khi \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Crimea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ly khai \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine l\u00e0 Donetsk v\u00e0 Lugansk tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Ukraine. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga, Donetsk v\u00e0 Lugansk \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh: C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Donetsk v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Lugansk. V\u00e0, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi hai ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21\/2\/2022, ng\u00e0y Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ukraine, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00f4m 1\/6\/2022, Leonid Slutsky \u2014 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee6y ban C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Duma Qu\u1ed1c gia Nga (H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Nga) \u2014 cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Ukraine g\u1ed3m Donetsk, Lugansk, Kherson v\u00e0 Zaporizhzhia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Nga hay kh\u00f4ng.[36] \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga xem x\u00e9t. Qua \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3; v\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham v\u1ecdng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6\/1\/2022, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc An ninh T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (CSTO), do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Kazakhstan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, CSTO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002 g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Nga, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan v\u00e0 Tajikistan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Kazakhstan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean CSTO c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Belarus, v\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do ra m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a CSTO. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8\/2020, Belarus \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Belarus Lukashenko \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Nga gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Belarus, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Belarus \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Alexander Lukashenko duy tr\u00ec an ninh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sau \u0111\u00f3 Nga kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Belarus v\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3n h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng Nga th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Belarus, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qua c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a Nga \u1edf ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Ukraine, Kazakhstan v\u00e0 Belarus, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. V\u1eady kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Russia Resurrected \u2014 Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order<\/em> (N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga H\u1ed3i sinh \u2014 S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong m\u1ed9t Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u M\u1edbi), Kathryn E. Stoner \u0111\u00e3 chia 14 t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m n\u01b0\u1edbc: Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nga g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan v\u00e0 Uzbekistan. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Nga, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 an ninh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nga. Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e2n Nga. Th\u00f4ng qua T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc An ninh T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (CSTO) v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2U (EAEU), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Armenia, Kyrgyzstan v\u00e0 Tajikistan l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn, v\u00ec t\u1ea1i ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a c\u00f3 s\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m Moldova, Gruzia, Ukraine v\u00e0 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Baltic l\u00e0 Estonia, Latvia v\u00e0 Litva. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Nga. X\u00e9t theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ukraine, th\u00ec l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga gi\u00e0y x\u00e9o; v\u00e0, hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Moldova, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Transnistria \u2014 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ly khai c\u1ee7a Moldova; l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nga v\u1eeba h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho qu\u00e2n ly khai t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, v\u1eeba gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Moldova; v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Moldova c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nga, th\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111ang tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Ukraine \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m bu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Moldova ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f2n v\u1edbi Gruzia, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. Gruzia n\u1eb1m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Caucasus, ph\u00eda B\u1eafc gi\u00e1p Nga, ph\u00eda Nam gi\u00e1p Armenia, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nga, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 102 c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, Gruzia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Qu\u00e2n khu mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u1ee7a Nga; \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 uy hi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 102 c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng minh Armenia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bao v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Abkhazia v\u00e0 Nam Ossetia. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Gruzia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Baltic, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 bao v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y b\u1ecb bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh b\u1edfi Nga, Belarus (\u0111\u1ed3ng minh th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nga), Kaliningrad (v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nga), Ba Lan v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n Baltic. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u1ede ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi Qu\u00e2n khu mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Belarus; \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Kaliningrad uy hi\u1ebfp; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Baltic c\u1ee7a Nga (c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf Kaliningrad) phong t\u1ecfa bi\u1ec3n Baltic b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Nga, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh lang Sulwaki \u2014 d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 100 km, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Ba Lan v\u00e0 Litva \u2014 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t ba qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn \u201cIron Wolf\u201d (S\u00f3i S\u1eaft) t\u1ea1i Litva v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6\/2017, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO m\u1edbi cho di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh lang Sulwaki, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh lang n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea3 ba qu\u1ed1c gia Baltic c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 14 t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Gruzia v\u00e0 Ukraine, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd d\u00e1m t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Moskva th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (\u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t), c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nga cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u1edf xung quanh \u1ea5y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y uy l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Moskva (nh\u01b0 Belarus v\u00e0 Armenia), s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y (nh\u01b0 Gruzia v\u00e0 Ukraine). Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0: Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga khi x\u01b0a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i sinh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Next Decade: Empire and Republic in a Changing World<\/em> (Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo: \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 N\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a trong m\u1ed9t Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, George Friedman \u2014 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, hi\u1ec7n nay Nga \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Belarus, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u00eam Ukraine th\u00ec Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Ba Lan v\u00e0 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Baltic, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Friedman \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i sinh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c s\u01a1 sinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh quang, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gia t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, kho v\u0169 kh\u00ed quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nga c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a (th\u00e1ng 12\/2018, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Nga Shoigu tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, h\u01a1n 82% c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a xong).[37] Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cKh\u00f4ng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 so v\u1edbi Nga. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Nga s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d[38] V\u00e0, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u0169ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecb uy v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u00f4ng qua hai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u2014 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO l\u00e0: C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u2014 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2014 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

         H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ukraine. C\u00f2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 Nam Ossetia, Abkhazia, Lugansk, Donetsk ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y; hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ecd. Hai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed9p ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c chung (\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n): S\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u1ea1i Gruzia v\u00e0 Ukraine, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u1eddi Valeri Korovin \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nga l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft; v\u1eady, trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay: Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, c\u00f2n Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef mang \u0111\u1eadm m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch: T\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201cch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u\u201d, \u201cch\u1ed1ng giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d, \u201c\u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a phe x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, \u201cn\u1ee5 h\u00f4n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d\u2026; t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d, \u201cng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng li\u00ean minh trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 NATO (Li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u2014 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, SEV (H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 Kinh t\u1ebf) \u2014 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, Kh\u1ed1i Warszawa \u2014 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef mang t\u00ednh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u201cph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d, \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. V\u00e0, qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 H\u1ee3p ch\u00fang qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i giao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? V\u00ec sao, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1ed7ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i giao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0, v\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y ng\u1ed3i trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u2014 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1t dao \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2014 hay n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, hay li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0: (1) T\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c H\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; (2) trong h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nay, Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, theo c\u00e1ch, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; (3) t\u1eeb sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2026 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00ec sao Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p cho Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. (Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean logic ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 33 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 Harry Truman c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12\/3\/1947; v\u00e0, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Truman v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec khi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c li\u00ean minh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1eed tri trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0, ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang c\u1ea7n \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ec, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau \u2014 s\u1ebd cho Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Th\u1ee9 hai, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 Hoa K\u1ef3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. Th\u00e1ng 2\/1945, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Yalta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, Hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c do h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00e1ng 12\/1991, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Do v\u1eady, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. V\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c do m\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd c\u01b0 x\u1eed \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n; v\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9 (Pax Americana), m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh do Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3; do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 ba, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2014 Li\u00ean X\u00f4. T\u1eeb khi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Hoa K\u1ef3 lu\u00f4n xem Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Hoa K\u1ef3 lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao, bao v\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u2026 Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i giao, kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tuy c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau; tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00e0, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ee3t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 hay n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d[39] N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nhau th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga khi x\u01b0a \u2014 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u2014 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho v\u1ebf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf?\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ngo\u1ea1i giao, kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Hoa K\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u2014 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd? Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1o ra sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, hay Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Grand Chessboard<\/em> (B\u00e0n C\u1edd L\u1edbn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, Brzezinski \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng l\u00e0 C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n An ninh Qu\u1ed1c gia d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Carter \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n chia c\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u201cC\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady trong kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.\u201d.[40] Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, chia c\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n chia c\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga? Trong \u0110\u1ecba Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Halford John Mackinder, cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u00c1-\u00c2u th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction<\/em> (Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1919, Mackinder tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cAi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00f5i (Heartland); ai th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00f5i (Heartland) s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea3o Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (World-Island); ai th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea3o Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (World-Island) s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d.[41] Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Mackinder, th\u00ec V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00f5i (Heartland) l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u2014 do s\u1ef1 an b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u2014 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, Alfred Thayer Mahan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Influence of Sea Power on History<\/em> (\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u1ecbch s\u1eed), Mahan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Mackinder, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u1ea3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Mackinder \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn. C\u00f2n Mahan \u0111\u00fang khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Hi\u1ec7n nay, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Alfred Thayer Mahan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Mackinder. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y hoang mang lo l\u1eafng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u1edf tr\u00ean, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chia c\u1eaft Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y y\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. Do v\u1eady, c\u0169ng trong ph\u1ea7n K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Grand Chessboard<\/em> (B\u00e0n C\u1edd L\u1edbn), Brzezinski \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n chia c\u1eaft \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0 sau: Bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean bang ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m ba th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (European Russia), C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Siberia (Siberian Republic), C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng (Far Eastern Republic).[42]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c NATO li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng \u00e1p s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng di\u1ec5n ra ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Chia c\u1eaft n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga b\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Nga th\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u2014 v\u1eeba h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cho Hoa K\u1ef3 bao v\u00e2y (ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n) v\u00e0 chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? L\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd do Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9 n\u00e1t H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Versailles \u2014 Washington \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh? \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. V\u00ec sao? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga thi\u1ebfu \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c sau khi cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Versailles \u2014 Washington, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Italia (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 phe th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn). V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Versailles \u2014 Washington, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y. Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y\u2014 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb tr\u00f9m k\u00edn b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. Li\u00ean X\u00f4, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec mang n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Hai c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. Do v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Versailles \u2014 Washington c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Versailles \u2014 Washington kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u2014 H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles d\u00e0nh cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u2014 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9 n\u00e1t m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u2014 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u2014 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cao nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft b\u1edfi 50 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n b\u1edfi 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp (c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee7y vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c) l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Hoa K\u1ef3, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Trung Hoa D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a 193 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga) t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Versailles. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay (n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110i\u1ec1u 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ed3ng minh trong m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf y\u1ebfu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u2014 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edb tr\u00eau c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan, h\u1ecd v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eeba b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. V\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga khi x\u01b0a \u2014 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u2014 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh Nga \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 bao x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra? Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch: D\u00f9ng Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm cho ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u;\u201d.[43] \u0110i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u 1(2) n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o; trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau; v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n 1(2) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhau. S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00ec sao \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec, trong th\u1eddi gian Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau, Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t di chuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n c\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t di d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m di d\u00e2n Nga lu\u00f4n chi\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, th\u00f4n x\u00f3m, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tan r\u00e3, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng di d\u00e2n Nga \u1ea5y \u2014 v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2014 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y d\u00e1m xem th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga s\u1ebd t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean bang Nga (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n Nga) v\u00e0 Duma Qu\u1ed1c gia Nga (H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Nga) v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18\/3\/2014, sau khi Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u2014 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft.[44]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd; Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp; sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd xem c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, hay duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn), ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga; v\u00e0, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Khi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea v\u00e0o Nga, Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 do r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u 2 (4) n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u 1(2) n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho v\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf?\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u 1(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edb tr\u00eau kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u 2(4) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edb tr\u00eau th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u00c1-\u00c2u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3, l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1edb tr\u00eau kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 V. I. Lenin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Nga c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edb tr\u00eau th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u00c1-\u00c2u. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 chi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb sau khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft th\u00fac. V\u00e2ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u1ea5y. V\u00e0, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u 61(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Nga vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cLi\u00ean bang Nga s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.\u201d.[45] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Nga th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn khi mu\u1ed1n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i c\u1edb cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Nga cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nga,[46] v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u 61(2) c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Nga b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Nga \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u2014 m\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia; qua \u0111\u00f3, cho th\u1ea5y quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga: T\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Nga v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t k\u1ef9, th\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd do Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u1ea5y. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0, c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Do v\u1eady, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft ra, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea v\u00e0o Nga. C\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2n c\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo, ph\u1ea7n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   e. Ti\u1ec3u k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean \u2014 t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Nga v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u00e2ng, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, vinh quang, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nga hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ukraine l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga; v\u00ec th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng Ukraine? V\u00e0, t\u1ea1i sao Ukraine l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. V\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u0110i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ngay t\u1eeb khi v\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c Moskva \u2014 qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, b\u1ecb bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u2014 nh\u01b0 n\u00fai cao, bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng, s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, sa m\u1ea1c l\u1edbn\u2026 \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tru\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Moskva \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m: L\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Moskva tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga sau n\u00e0y k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c Moskva lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c k\u1ebb th\u00f9 xung quanh, bi\u1ebfn Nga \u2014 qu\u1ed1c gia k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c Moskva \u2014 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n cho qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u01b0u th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: Ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Moskva, St. Petersburg\u2026 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch nhau r\u1ea5t xa; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Moskva, St. Petersburg\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, m\u1ed9t \u01b0u th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 khi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1eady c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u1ea5y n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi B\u1eafc B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u2014 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng d\u00e3y Ural, d\u00e3y n\u00fai ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u2014 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Siberia hoang v\u1eafng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh quanh n\u0103m; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, Nga c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n Caspian, bi\u1ec3n \u0110en v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Caucasus \u2014 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fai non hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Nga r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Chechnya v\u00e0 Dagestan; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Nga t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga th\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta: N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. D\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 5000 km, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Na Uy \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Ukraine \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng t\u00edt t\u1eafp, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00e3y n\u00fai cao hay c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n th\u00f9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean che ch\u1eafn cho ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 Ukraine v\u00e0 Moldova v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng s\u1ebd s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: D\u00e3y n\u00fai Carpathian. D\u00e3y n\u00fai n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh phong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean che ch\u1eafn cho ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0, b\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh phong n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a k\u00edn v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y Carpathian v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n Baltic c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee1 500 km. Kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc \u00c2u \u2014 v\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean r\u1ed9ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn d\u00e3y Ural c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. V\u00e0, ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec, khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u00f4ng \u2014 T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho b\u00ean kia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i; do v\u1eady, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho m\u00ecnh khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i; cho n\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nhau, lu\u00f4n nghi ng\u1edd nhau v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1eabn nhau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1607, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1812, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914 v\u00e0 1941. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Sau ba l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n chia Ba Lan v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1721, 1772 v\u00e0 1795, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ba Lan th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nga, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1867 th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, theo \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp l\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3; h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o NATO, li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 do Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Warszawa nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi NATO. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hai li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Trong l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t an v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c m\u00e0n ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a hai li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa; do v\u1eady, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed3n vinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Tuy nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Sa Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XVII. N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 500 km th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 d\u1ecdc theo to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 5000 km. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i lui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf cho m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, NATO \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua n\u0103m l\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1999, Ba Lan, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Czech v\u00e0 Hungary \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o Li\u00ean minh. N\u0103m 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Litva, Romania, Slovakia v\u00e0 Slovenia. 2009 l\u00e0 Albania v\u00e0 Croatia. 2017 l\u00e0 Montenegro v\u00e0 2020 l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Macedonia. V\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a NATO, khi m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n gia nh\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.[47]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NATO. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (d\u00e3y n\u00fai Carpathian ch\u1ea1y qua Ukraine v\u00e0 Moldova) m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Ukraine v\u00e0 Moldova v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e3y n\u00fai Carpathian che ch\u1eafn cho m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00e2n Nga th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Ukraine v\u00e0 Moldova \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean chung c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean. S\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea v\u00e0o Nga l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Yanukovych c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ukraine \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00e0, ch\u00ednh do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ukraine c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, do th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean; do v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a NATO \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NATO l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an, khi h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y binh s\u0129 c\u1ee7a NATO \u1edf s\u00e1t ngay bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ukraine, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1eeb sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Nga s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Crimea th\u00ec Ukraine c\u00e0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Volodymyr Zelensky, th\u00ec tham v\u1ecdng gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO c\u1ee7a Ukraine c\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 v\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00ec t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1eadu x\u00f4 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 v\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ukraine \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Carpathian \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa ba d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nga, Belarus v\u00e0 Ukraine n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p Ukraine r\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rus \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, v\u00ec th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Grand Chessboard<\/em> (B\u00e0n C\u1edd L\u1edbn), Brzezinski cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ukraine th\u00ec Nga v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u00c1-\u00c2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u1ea5y s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1 h\u01a1n.[48] \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh quang to l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u00c2u-\u00c1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ukraine h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, do th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, v\u00ec t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nga. N\u1ebfu Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp EU th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gian kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nga s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp NATO th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nguy hi\u1ec3m, an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Nga s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21\/2\/2022, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Ukraine th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a NATO ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Moskva (Moscow) c\u1ee7a Nga: T\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh Tomahawk m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 35 ph\u00fat, t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 ph\u00fat, t\u00ean l\u1eeda si\u00eau thanh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ph\u00fat.[49]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng trong b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cVi\u1ec7c Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp NATO l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh c\u1ee7a Nga.\u201d.[50]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp NATO \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp NATO v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a NATO t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nga s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i. \u201c[51]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00e0, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nga. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a NATO ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an ninh khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u-\u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ukraine s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d.[52]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Nga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u1ea3 Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u cho t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t an c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. NATO th\u00ec v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e2n c\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Ukraine th\u00ec v\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khao kh\u00e1t ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng mu\u1ed1n gia nh\u1eadp EU v\u00e0 NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng. Th\u00e1ng 12\/2021, Nga g\u1eedi cho Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb an ninh g\u1ed3m 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu sau: (1) NATO kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (SNG) v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; (2) Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u; (3) NATO quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t n\u0103m 1997, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Baltic l\u00e0 Litva, Latvia, Estonia l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi; (4) Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga.[53]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sau kho\u1ea3ng 1 th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Nga, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nga. Theo Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Ukraine n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 an ninh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n xin gia nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 NATO m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin gia nh\u1eadp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, vi\u1ec7c Nga y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NATO quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t n\u0103m 1997 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Nga cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO xem tr\u1ecdng.[54]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u1eefa, c\u00e0ng ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu Ukraine gia nh\u1eadp NATO th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. V\u00e0, n\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i giao th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i: Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21\/2\/2022, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ukraine, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d t\u1ea1i Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Do v\u1eady, qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nga ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. V\u00e0, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Vladimir Putin, m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd g\u00e2y n\u00ean. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec mu\u1ed9n, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c cao n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ngay sau khi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb an ninh 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nga b\u1ecb Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, n\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xem cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 to l\u1edbn do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, t\u00e1i l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ukraine v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi H\u1eadu Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec. V\u00e0, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO l\u1ea1i can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0, theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 NATO \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ukraine. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, khi h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Nga, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y; hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng Nga, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ukraine \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n nay, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed5 x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng Nga, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nga c\u1ee7a Ukraine, th\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a Nga th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, Stephen Walt \u2014 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, C\u1ea1nh tranh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n x\u01b0a.[55] Qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Nga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t an c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nguy\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Walt d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n; v\u00e0, do v\u1eady, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] \u201cUkraine is ours, always ours.\u201d.Roger Cohen,The Making of Vladimir Putin<\/em>, The New York Times, March 26, 2022 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/26\/<\/a>world\/europe\/vladimir-putin-russia.amp.html, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] \u201cI would like to emphasise again that Ukraine is not just a neighbouring country for us. It is an inalienable part of our own history, culture and spiritual space.\u201d. V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] \u201cRussians and Ukrainians were one people \u2013 a single whole.\u201d. V. Putin, Article by Vladimir Putin \u201dOn the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians\u201c<\/em>, July 12, 2021 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/66181, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] \u201cThe right of the peoples of Russia to free self-determination, even to the point of separation and the formation of an independent state.\u201d. Declaration of the Rights of the People of Russia<\/em> (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/<\/a>history\/ussr\/government\/1917\/11\/02.htm, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] \u201cWhen it comes to the historical destiny of Russia and its peoples, Lenin\u2019s principles of state development were not just a mistake; they were worse than a mistake, as the saying goes. This became patently clear after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.\u201d. V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] Dvornichenko, N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga: \u0110i\u1ec1u B\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/em>(ti\u1ebfng Nga), L\u00ea Thanh V\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2020, p.213 \u2014 p.214.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] V. I. Lenin, To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Nxb. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, M\u00e1txc\u01a1va, 1978, vol. 44, p.43 \u2014 p.44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] \u201cIf the terrible disaster, which is unthinkable to the Russian people, does occur and the state is torn apart, and the people, robbed and deceived by their 1,000-year history, suddenly end up alone, and their recent \u201cbrothers\u201d have taken their belongings and disappeared into their \u201cnational lifeboats\u201d and sail away from the listing ship \u2014 well, we have nowhere to go\u2026\u201d. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i theo Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.97.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10] \u201cTheir viability seemed uncertain\u201d. Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.89.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11] \u201cIt had no real history as a state, let alone a strong one.\u201d. Why Russia has never accepted Ukrainian independence<\/em>, The Economist, Dec 18th 2021 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.economist.com\/<\/a>christmas-specials\/2021\/12\/18\/why-russia-has-never-accepted-ukrainian-independence)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12] B. N. Kud\u1ee9c \u2014 Yu. V. Yakov\u00e9ts, N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u2014 2050: Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n <\/em>(ti\u1ebfng Nga) Nxb. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2012, p.67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13] \u201cMoscow\u2019s willingness to accommodate permanently to the new reality was similarly unpredictable.\u201d Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.89.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14] \u201cRussia wants to reassemble as much of the Soviet Union as it can.\u201d. Walter Russell Mead, The Return of Geopolitics: The Revenge of the Revisionist Powers<\/em>, Foreign Affairs, May\/June 2014 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs<\/a>.com\/articles\/china\/2014-04-17\/return-geopolitics, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 9\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15], [16] Valerie Korovin, Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Phan Xu\u00e2n Loan d\u1ecbch, Nxb. Tr\u1ebb, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 2017, p.216.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17] \u201cOur troops will occupy the Georgian capital Tbilisi, the entire country, and perhaps even Ukraine and the Crimean Peninsula, which is historically part of Russia, anyway.\u201d Alexander Dugin, The Chronicle of a Caucasian Tragedy<\/em>, Der Spiegel, 25 August 2008 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/<\/a>international\/world\/road-to-war-in-georgia-the-chronicle-of-a-caucasian-tragedy-a-574812.html, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 9\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18], [19] John Mearsheimer c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y: \u201cNATO ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi l\u1eeda n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng\u201d<\/em>, Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, 04\/02\/2022 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/nghiencuuquocte.org\/<\/a>2022\/02\/04\/john-mearsheimer-canh-bao-phuong-tay-nato-choi-voi-lua-nen-bi-bong\/, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20] Valerie Korovin, Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Phan Xu\u00e2n Loan d\u1ecbch, Nxb. Tr\u1ebb, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 2017, p.298.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21] Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, p.101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22] [23] Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, p.106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24] [25] Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, p.101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26] Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, p.33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27] \u201cThe collapse of the Soviet Union was the biggest geopolitical catastrophe of the century,\u201d. Claire Bigg, World: Was Soviet Collapse Last Century\u2019s Worst Geopolitical Catastrophe?<\/em>, April 29, 2005 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>http:\/\/www.rferl.org\/amp\/1058688.html<\/a>, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28] Vladimir Putin accuses Lenin of placing a \u2018time bomb\u2019 under Russia<\/em>, The Guardian, Mon 25 Jan 2016 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>amp.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/jan\/25\/vladmir-putin-accuses-lenin-of-placing-a-time-bomb-under-russia, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29], [30] \u201cUkraine was a made-up country\u201d, \u201che vowed to protect \u2018our common Fatherland, Great Rus.’\u201d. Roger Cohen,The Making of Vladimir Putin<\/em>, The New York Times, March 26, 2022 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/26\/<\/a>world\/europe\/vladimir-putin-russia.amp.html, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31] Transcript: Vladimir Putin\u2019s April 17 Q&A<\/em>, The Washington Post, (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.washingtonpost<\/a>.com\/world\/transcript-vladimir-putins-april-17-qanda\/2014\/04\/17\/ff77b4a2-c635-11e3-8b9a-8e0977a24aeb_story.html, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32] \u201cPeter the Great waged the great northern war for 21 years. It would seem that he was at war with Sweden, he took something from them. He did not take anything from them, he returned [what was Russia\u2019s],\u201d, Andrew Roth and agencies, Putin compares himself to Peter the Great in quest to take back Russian lands<\/em>, The Guardian, Fri 10 Jun 2022 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>amp.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jun\/10\/putin-compares-himself-to-peter-the-great-in-quest-to-take-back-russian-lands, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33] \u201cRussian statehood, which embodies the \u2018Russian idea\u2019 politically, economically, and spiritually, will be built anew. It will gather up all the best from its long 1,000-year kingdom and the 70 years of the Soviet history that have flown by in a moment.\u201d. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i theo Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.97.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34] V. Putin, Address by President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, March 18, 2014 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/20603, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35] Valerie Korovin, Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 ba<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Nga), Phan Xu\u00e2n Loan d\u1ecbch, Nxb. Tr\u1ebb, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 2017, p.32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36] DPR, LPR, Kherson, Zaporozhye regions may hold referendums this summer \u2014 lawmaker<\/em>, Tass, 1 Jun, 2022 (link: https:\/\/tass.com\/world\/1459089<\/a>, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37] Hans M. Kristensen & Matt Korda (2019) Russian nuclear forces, 2019<\/em>, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 75:2, 73-84, DOI: 10.1080\/00963402.2019.1580891, 04 Mar 2019 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/<\/a>00963402.2019.1580891, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38] \u201cNo one should entertain any illusions about achieving military superiority over Russia; we will never allow it. Russia will respond to all these challenges, both political and technological. We have all we need in order to do so.\u201d V. Putin, Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly<\/em>, December 12, 2013 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/19825, truy c\u1eadp 11\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39] \u201cAll Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.\u201d UN, Charter of the United Nations<\/em>, Article 2(4) (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-<\/a>us\/un-charter\/full-text, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40] \u201cReinforcing the prevailing geopolitical pluralism in the post-Soviet space.\u201d. Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.202 \u2014 p.203.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41] \u201cWho rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island commands the world.\u201d Sir Halford John Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction<\/em> (London: Constable and Co. Ltd., 1919), p.150.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42] Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.202.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43] \u201cTo develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;\u201d UN, Charter of the United Nations<\/em>, Article 1(2) (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-<\/a>us\/un-charter\/full-text, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44] V. Putin, Address by President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, March 18, 2014 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/20603, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 11\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45] \u201cThe Russian Federation shall guarantee to its citizens protection and patronage abroad.\u201d. The Russian Federation (RF), The Constitution of the Russian Federation<\/em>, Article 61(2) (link: <\/a>http:\/\/www.constitution.ru\/en\/<\/a>10003000-01.htm, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 13\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46] Igor A. Zevelev, Russia\u2019s Policy Toward Compatriots in the Former Soviet Union<\/em>, Russia in Global Affairs, no. 1 2008 January\/March (link: <\/a>https:\/\/eng.globalaffairs.ru\/<\/a>articles\/russias-policy-toward-compatriots-in-the-former-soviet-union\/, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 13\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47] V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48] Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives<\/em> (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p.92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49] V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50] \u201cWhereas Ukraine joining NATO is a direct threat to Russia\u2019s security.\u201d V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51] \u201cThe information we have gives us good reason to believe that Ukraine\u2019s accession to NATO and the subsequent deployment of NATO facilities has already been decided and is only a matter of time. We clearly understand that given this scenario, the level of military threats to Russia will increase dramatically, several times over. And I would like to emphasise at this point that the risk of a sudden strike at our country will multiply.\u201d V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52] \u201cI will explain that American strategic planning documents confirm the possibility of a so-called preemptive strike at enemy missile systems. We also know the main adversary of the United States and NATO. It is Russia. NATO documents officially declare our country to be the main threat to Euro-Atlantic security. Ukraine will serve as an advanced bridgehead for such a strike.\u201d V. Putin, Address by the President of the Russian Federation<\/em>, February 21, 2022 (link: <\/a>http:\/\/en.kremlin.ru\/events\/<\/a>president\/news\/67828, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53] Andrew Roth, Russia issues list of demands it says must be met to lower tensions in Europe<\/em>, The Guardian, 17 Dec 2021 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>amp.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/dec\/17\/russia-issues-list-demands-tensions-europe-ukraine-nato, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54] David M. Herszenhorn, US, NATO deliver written replies to Russia on security demands<\/em>, Politico, January 26, 2022 (link: <\/a>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/<\/a>http:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/us-<\/a>delivers-written-reply-to-russia-on-security-demands\/amp\/, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 12\/8\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55] Stephen Walt, The Hell of Good Intentions: America\u2019s Foreign Policy Elite and the Decline of U.S. Primacy<\/em> (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018), p.8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/a>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ukraine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Putin hay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb logic l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,7,26],"tags":[49,143],"class_list":["post-328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinh-tri","category-cuoc-chien-nga-ukraine","category-nga","tag-chien-tranh-nga-ukraine","tag-ta-hoang-tan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}