{"id":1205,"date":"2026-04-12T17:13:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-12T17:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=1205"},"modified":"2026-04-12T17:13:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T17:13:23","slug":"sua-doi-tong-the-hien-phap-2013-la-sua-doi-theo-dinh-huong-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/?p=1205","title":{"rendered":"“S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013” l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Khi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u2013 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o?\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: L\u00ea Th\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m C\u00e2u L\u1ea1c B\u1ed9 L\u00ea Hi\u1ebfu \u0110\u1eb1ng\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ed1i cao, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 Ph\u00e1p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c; l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt, m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, khi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u2013 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o (1).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng: \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng khai, minh b\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ea3 thi, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2045, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (2). \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u201cv\u00e1 v\u00edu k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d, hay ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp khung kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 2026\u20132031. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp khi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, ghi nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh doanh, s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u00e2u th\u1ef1c thi. Nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, khi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy \u201cxin \u2013 cho\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea5y Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t: Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i: \u201c\u00dd d\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u00fd Tr\u1eddi\u201d \u2013 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u201c\u6c11\u610f\u5373\u5929\u610f\u201d (D\u00e2n \u00fd t\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean \u00fd). Trang T\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u6c11\u4e3a\u8d35\uff0c\u793e\u7a37\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u541b\u4e3a\u8f7b\u201d \u2013 \u201cD\u00e2n vi qu\u00fd, x\u00e3 t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 chi, qu\u00e2n vi khinh\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 D\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn X\u00e3 t\u1eafc, c\u00f2n Vua l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t (3).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia; l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p (Constitutionalism) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p; m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 (4).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u2013 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o cho t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eebng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u201cquan tr\u1ecdng sau c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd (5). Trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: m\u1ecdi c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u1ea5y Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u0111a s\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f4 L\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d (6). M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, T\u1ef1 do; l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t (check and balances); l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, n\u01a1i quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2045 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u1ea5y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (7).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Xem x\u00e9t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (8).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. C\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 18 tu\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed, b\u1ea7u c\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trung gian n\u00e0o. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u2013 h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u2013 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p hay t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (9).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng hai con s\u1ed1, th\u00ec n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cho nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u \u00fd d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh t\u1ed1i \u0111a.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI. Kh\u00f4ng \u201cgi\u1eadt g\u1ea5u v\u00e1 vai\u201d, ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eebng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 l\u00e2u nay: \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7…\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m. \u0110\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu (10).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u2013 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1; d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u00ednh danh; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau, m\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch! (11) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u201cS\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o?\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t: s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t (12). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 khi Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 2030 \u2013 2045 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

————————————— <\/p>\n\n\n\n

THAM KH\u1ea2O TH\u00caM:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1 & 2) https:\/\/tuoitre.vn\/bo-chinh-tri-nghien-cuu-tong-ket-sua-doi-tong-the-hien-phap-2013-phu-hop-voi-thuc-tien-20260409064136791.htm <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) https:\/\/quotepark.com\/quotes\/1921570-mencius-of-the-first-importance-are-the-people-next-comes\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/constitutionalism?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) https:\/\/www.rfa.org\/vietnamese\/news\/vietnamnews\/the-communist-party-platform-more-important-than-the-constitution–sec-general-09292013113833.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) https:\/\/ttdn.vn\/tin-tuc-su-kien\/thoi-su-chinh-tri\/toan-van-phat-bieu-chinh-sach-cua-tong-bi-thu-chu-tich-nuoc-to-lam-tai-dai-hoc-columbia-con-duong-cua-viet-nam-quan-109899 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7) https:\/\/en.vietnamplus.vn\/resolution-66-a-breakthrough-to-modernise-vietnams-legal-system-post326120.vnp?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(8) https:\/\/en.vietnamplus.vn\/resolution-66-a-breakthrough-to-modernise-vietnams-legal-system-post326120.vnp?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(9) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Separation_of_powers?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(10) https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42439-025-00109-7?utm_source=chatgpt.com <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(11) https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/paperback\/9780691021000\/ \u00e0 Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(12) https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/constitutionalism\/ \u00e0 Constitutionalism: First published Wed. Jan 10, 2001; and Substantive revision Thu. May 18, 2023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u2013 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o?\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,19],"tags":[181],"class_list":["post-1205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chinh-tri","category-viet-nam","tag-le-than"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1205"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1207,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1205\/revisions\/1207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diendanduytan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}